Roman Numeral Converter

Roman numerals use seven symbols: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000). Numbers are formed by combining these symbols, with smaller values placed before larger ones indicating subtraction — for example, IV = 4 and IX = 9. This subtractive notation is used for 4s and 9s at each order of magnitude.

This converter supports the full standard range of 1–3999 (I to MMMCMXCIX) in both directions. The integer-to-Roman converter uses a greedy algorithm, always selecting the largest possible symbol value at each step. The Roman-to-integer parser handles both additive and subtractive notation correctly.

Roman numerals are still widely used today in clock faces, book chapter numbering, movie sequel titles, and year designations on monuments and films.

You may also find our Number Base Converter and Scientific Calculator helpful.